Assessing how the UK Withdrawal Agreement has been implemented in the three years since Brexit, MEPs note that important improvements are needed to safeguard citizens’ rights, and that the implementation of the Agreement has been tarnished by the UK’s continuous breaches (and threatened breaches) of its commitments under the Agreement. They say the Agreement has a direct effect on the respective legal orders of the EU and the UK, that UK courts must pay due regard to EU Court of Justice case law, and that citizens must be able to turn to national courts should their rights under the Agreement be breached.

Northern Ireland Protocol

Parliament condemns the unilateral “grace periods” used by successive UK governments to avoid enforcing border controls in the Irish Sea, which are a “clear breach” of the Protocol on Ireland and Northern Ireland. It welcomes both the Windsor Framework, and the subsequent announcement that the UK government will halt the controversial Northern Ireland Protocol Bill. MEPs underline that, according to the UK government itself, ‘democratic consent’ for the Protocol must be provided in due time by a simple majority of the Northern Ireland Assembly. They say that, in the most recent elections, a clear majority of voters supported parties that endorsed the Protocol’s retention.

Citizens’ rights

Parliament also raised the situation of EU citizens living in the UK who have been granted “pre-settled status” and who will have to…