www.ecb.europa.eu
28 November 2025
- median consumer perceptions of inflation over the previous 12 months remained unchanged, as did median expectations for inflation three years ahead and five years ahead, while median inflation expectations for the next 12 months increased slightly;
- expectations for nominal income growth over the next 12 months increased, while expectations for spending growth over the next 12 months were unchanged;
- expectations for economic growth over the next 12 months became less negative, while the expected unemployment rate in 12 months’ time increased;
- expectations for growth in the price of homes over the next 12 months were unchanged, while expectations for mortgage interest rates in 12 months’ time increased.
Inflation
In October, the median rate of perceived inflation over the previous 12 months remained unchanged at 3.1% for the ninth consecutive month. Median expectations for inflation over the next 12 months increased to 2.8%, from 2.7% in…